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#convection

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Nicole Sharp

Salt Fingers

Any time a fluid under gravity has areas of differing density, it convects. We’re used to thinking of this in terms of temperature — “hot air rises” — but temperature isn’t the only source of convection. Differences in concentration — like salinity in water — cause convection, too. This video shows a special, more complex case: what happens when there are two sources of density gradient, each of which diffuses at a different rate.

The classic example of this occurs in the ocean, where colder fresher water meets warmer, saltier water (and vice versa). Cold water tends to sink. So does saltier water. But since temperature and salinity move at different speeds, their competing convection takes on a shape that resembles dancing, finger-like plumes as seen here. (Video and image credit: M. Mohaghar et al.)

#2024gofm#convection#doubleDiffusiveConvection
Public
Nicole Sharp

Arctic Melt

Temperatures in the Arctic are rising faster than elsewhere, triggering more and more melting. Photographer Scott Portelli captured a melting ice shelf protruding into the ocean in this aerial image. Across the top of the frozen landscape, streams and rivers cut through the ice, leading to waterfalls that flood the nearby ocean with freshwater. This meltwater will do more than raise ocean levels; it changes temperature and salinity in these regions, disrupting the convection that keeps our planet healthy. (Image credit: S. Portelli/OPOTY; via Colossal)

A melting ice shelf in the Arctic showers freshwater into the ocean.
#climateChange#convection#fluidDynamics
Public
Nicole Sharp

Why Icy Giants Have Strange Magnetic Fields

When Voyager 2 visited Uranus and Neptune, scientists were puzzled by the icy giants’ disorderly magnetic fields. Contrary to expectations, neither planet had a well-defined north and south magnetic pole, indicating that the planets’ thick, icy interiors must not convect the way Earth’s mantle does. Years later, other researchers suggested that the icy giants’ magnetic fields could come from a single thin, convecting layer in the planet, but how that would look remained unclear. Now a scientist thinks he has an answer.

When simulating a mixture of water, methane, and ammonia under icy giant temperature and pressure conditions, he saw the chemicals split themselves into two layers — a water-hydrogen mix capable of convection and a hydrocarbon-rich, stagnant lower layer. Such phase separation, he argues, matches both the icy giants’ gravitational fields and their odd magnetic fields. To test whether the model holds up, we’ll need another spacecraft — one equipped with a Doppler imager — to visit Uranus and/or Neptune to measure the predicted layers firsthand. (Image credit: NASA; research credit: B. Militzer; via Physics World)

The icy giant Neptune, as seen by Voyager II.
#convection#fluidDynamics#Neptune
Public
Nicole Sharp

How Cooling Towers Work

Power plants (and other industrial settings) often need to cool water to control plant temperatures. This usually requires cooling towers like the iconic curved towers seen at nuclear power plants. Towers like these use little to no moving parts — instead relying cleverly on heat transfer, buoyancy, and thermodynamics — to move and cool massive amounts of water. Grady breaks them down in terms of operation, structural engineering, and fluid/thermal dynamics in this Practical Engineering video. Grady’s videos are always great, but I especially love how this one tackles a highly visible piece of infrastructure from multiple engineering perspectives. (Video and image credit: Practical Engineering)

#buoyancy#civilEngineering#convection
Public
TomKrajci 🇺🇦 🏳️‍🌈 🏳️‍⚧️

Time lapse of convective activity along a convergence line on 14 July. Infrared view, which makes the blue sky very dark and the conifers very bright.

If you're a glider pilot, this video shows that you want to be at the extreme upwind edge of the cloud formation, just under cloud base. That's the area of best lift.

Exposure interval was two seconds. This video represents about 35 minutes of elapsed time.

youtube.com/watch?v=jqKW30c1sT

YouTubeTime lapse of convergence 14 July (Infrared)By Tom Krajci
#NMwx#Glider#Convection
Public
IRAP

[@IRAP #seminar] this Thursday at 11am. Andrea Chiavassa from the Lagrange Laboratory of the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur will present his recent research work concerning 3D #modeling of stellar atmospheres - in particular the taking into account of the #convection phenomenon, which directly influences stellar parameters, radial velocity, chemical abundances, photometric colors and the characterization of #exoplanets.

Details+ : irap.omp.eu/event/a-viewpoint-

How stellar parameters influences the characterizatio of exoplanets
Public
IRAP

[#Séminaire @IRAP ] ce jeudi à 11h. Andrea Chiavassa du Laboratoire Lagrange de l'Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur présentera ses récents travaux de recherche concernant la #modélisation 3D des atmosphères stellaires - notamment la prise en compte du phénomène de #convection, qui influence directement les paramètres stellaires, la vitesse radiale, les abondances chimiques, les couleurs photométriques et la caractérisation des #exoplanètes.

Infos+ : irap.omp.eu/event/a-viewpoint-

Influence des paramètres stellaires sur les exoplanètes
Public
Academic Publishing

𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝘁𝗺𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 | 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗲 𝟬𝟳 | 𝗜𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲 𝟬𝟭 | 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰

💠 Control of the Dust Vertical Distribution over Western Africa by Convection and Scavenging 👉 The authors investigate here the role of deep convective transport and scavenging on the vertical distribution of mineral dust over Western Africa. #Dust #Vertical_distribution #Sahara #Sahel #West_Africa #Climate_model #Convection #Scavenging #ITCZ 🔗 DOI: ✉ Email: jasr@bilpublishing.com 👩‍💼…

myfavorite621.wordpress.com/20

Scientific & Academic Publishing · 𝗝𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝘁𝗺𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 | 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗲 𝟬𝟳 | 𝗜𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲 𝟬𝟭 | 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰💠 Control of the Dust Vertical Distribution over Western Africa by Convection and Scavenging 👉 The authors investigate here the role of deep convective transport and scavenging on the vertical dist…
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