DailyMegafauna<p>Today’s <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/megafauna" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>megafauna</span></a> is the Portuguese man o’ war. Although it is often mistaken for a <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/jellyfish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>jellyfish</span></a>, the man-o-war is actually a <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/siphonophore" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>siphonophore</span></a>, composed of multiple, genetically distinct, individual polyps. One of these polyps is the gas-filled float, which projects above the surface of the water and helps the man o' war float through the <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/oceans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>oceans</span></a>. This purple-blue float apparently resembles the wind-filled <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/sail" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>sail</span></a> of the 18th century warship from which the man o' war gets its name. When the man o' war encounters a threat on the ocean’s surface, this float can temporarily deflate to escape. </p><p>Beneath the surface, three more polyps are attached to the float. One of these polyps digests food for the entire colony, another handles the man o' war’s sexual reproduction, and the third forms its <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/tentacles" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>tentacles</span></a>. These tentacles are, on average, 30 feet long, but can reach lengths up to 165 feet. They aid the man o' war in hunting by delivering a poison that paralyzes or kills smaller fish and sea creatures. The tentacles’ muscles then transport the unmoving prey upwards to the digestive polyp. For humans, the tentacles’ sting is incredibly painful–and it can be delivered even after the man o' war dies and washes ashore. Human deaths from man o' war stings are very rare, and usually involve allergic reactions or cardiac events. </p><p>Although the stinging tentacles protect the man-o-war from many threats, it does have some natural predators. Sunfish and loggerhead turtles, which also eat jellyfish, are common predators. Several species use the man o' wars tentacles for their own defenses: the blanket octopus attaches man o' war tentacles to their own, and blue sea dragons store the man o' wars' poison-delivering nematocysts for later use. </p><p>With no propulsive anatomy, man o' wars drift through the ocean with no control over their own location. Changes in wind and current patterns can drastically alter the distribution of this species from year to year. They are often found floating together in groups which can number in the thousands. Man o' wars are distributed throughout the warmer areas of Earth’s oceans–and rising temperatures are allowing them to survive in a larger range, with specimens washing ashore as far north as <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/Canada" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Canada</span></a> and <a href="https://synapse.cafe/tags/Scotland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Scotland</span></a>.</p>