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#prospecting

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What is the #relationship between #viral #prospecting in #animals and medical #countermeasure development? MedRxIV: medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

With #Filoviridae as a case study, we show there is little #evidence to suggest that viral prospecting has accelerated countermeasure development or that systematically discovering novel #zoonotic viruses in animal hosts before they cause human outbreaks has been feasible.

medRxiv · What is the relationship between viral prospecting in animals and medical countermeasure development?In recent decades, surveillance in nonhuman animals has aimed to detect novel viruses before they 'spill over' to humans. However, the extent to which these viral prospecting efforts have enhanced preparedness for disease outbreaks remains poorly characterized, especially in terms of whether they are necessary, sufficient, or feasible ways to spur medical countermeasure development. We find that several viruses which pose known threats to human health lack approved vaccines and that known viruses discovered in human patients prior to 2000 have caused most major 21st-century outbreaks. With Filoviridae as a case study, we show there is little evidence to suggest that viral prospecting has accelerated countermeasure development or that systematically discovering novel zoonotic viruses in animal hosts before they cause human outbreaks has been feasible. These results suggest that prospecting for novel viral targets does not accelerate a rate-limiting step in countermeasure development and underscore questions about the importance of zoonotic viral discovery for outbreak preparedness. We consider limitations to these conclusions and alternative but related approaches to preparedness and response. ### Competing Interest Statement A.V.A. was an intern for CEPI in 2023 and is a consultant for Centivax, Inc. M.L. is on the Scientific Advisory Board for CEPI. ### Funding Statement M.L. thanks the VK fund for CCDD, Open Philanthropy, and the DALHAP fund for supporting this work. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Data used for this analysis are available in Supplementary Information.

New entrepreneurs: if you want to be good at sales, research your prospects before you ever contact them. SO MANY sales people, usually younger but always inexperienced, send me a LinkedIn DM and ask me a question that’s plainly answered in my bio. If only they would bother to read my bio…!

It used to irritate me, but now I realize that they’re trying – they just don’t know any better. So, I’m telling you.

“Spray and pray” doesn’t work. Do this instead:

1) Research your potential prospects. Your contact list should consist only of people who need your product or service. Example: someone who sells cybersecurity training courses tried to contact me today. If they had taken the time to read my bio, they’d see I’m a bit beyond the entry-level stuff they’re peddling to people who are trying to begin a career in cybersecurity.

2) Push the indirect approach far away. Don’t use it. Don’t touch it. Don’t even think about it. Much better: “This is the product or service that I have to offer. Are you interested?” The indirect approach is great in speeches, books, and movies. When you use it in sales, it makes you appear deceptive. Maybe you don’t mean to be deceptive. Maybe you’re just new to sales. Be proud of your product or service – it’s all you’ve got to sell. So get it out there, first thing.

3) DO NOT keep pestering a disinterested prospect. Example: “Did you get my last message?” Yes, they did, and you know it. Email systems and LinkedIn DMs are both very reliable. The prospect didn’t reply because they’re not interested. Your unsolicited message doesn’t create a social obligation for them to reply. The prospect owes you nothing.

4) If you’re running out of targeted prospects and feel like returning to the “spray and pray” method, either one of two things is happening.
THE FIRST POSSIBILITY is that your target market is too small. Some products simply aren’t viable. A very niche product or service can only be sold at a very high price, because there are so few customers. If you’re selling a low-cost niche product and can’t make enough sales, the person who hired you is using/abusing you. Get out now.
THE SECOND POSSIBILITY is that you need to stop, think, and get creative. There may be an adequate number of qualified prospects out there, and you’re new enough that you haven’t developed the skills to find them. “Spray and pray” isn’t an effective substitute. You’ll sell a lot more by targeting qualified prospects than you ever will be blasting everyone who comes up in a keyword search. “Spray and pray” is for selling canned soup on TV – not for the high-caliber product or service that you’re offering. Be resourceful and figure out how to find those good prospects.