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#innate

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Susan Larson ♀️🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️🌈

#MattWalsh argues in favour of #gay #conversiontherapy as he #claims #sexuality is a ‘#choice’

The #Farright “#theocratic #fascist” said he believes conversion therapy to be effective by arguing that being #gay is not #innate, but a #lifestyle #queer people choose.

#Women #Transgender #LGBTQ #LGBTQIA #Conservatives #Extremism #Fascism #RepublicanParty #Religion #Hate #Bigotry #Violence #Genocide #Discrimination #Homophobia #Transphobia #EmptyThePews #ThePartyOfHate

thepinknews.com/2023/10/11/mat

PinkNews | Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news | LGBTQ+ news · Matt Walsh argues in favour of gay conversion therapy as he claims sexuality is a ‘choice’By Amelia Hansford
Public
Monika Wolkers

#immunology #KIRs #HLA recognition #innate: really exciting paper:
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

bioRxivInnate receptors with high specificity for HLA class I-peptide complexesGenetic studies associate killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their HLA class I ligands with a variety of human diseases. The basis for these associations, and the relative contribution of inhibitory and activating KIR to NK cell responses are unclear. As KIR binding to HLA-I is peptide-dependent, we performed systematic screens totaling over 3,500 specific interactions to determine the specificity of five KIR for peptides presented by four HLA-C ligands. Inhibitory KIR2DL1 was largely peptide sequence agnostic, binding approximately 60% of hundreds of HLA-peptide complexes tested. Inhibitory KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, and activating KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS4 bound only 10%, down to 1% of HLA-peptide complexes tested, respectively. Activating KIR2DS1, previously described as weak, had high binding affinity for HLA-C with high peptide sequence specificity. Our data revealed MHC-restricted peptide recognition by germ-line encoded NK receptors and imply that NK cell responses can be shaped by HLA-I bound immunopeptidomes in the context of disease or infection. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Blake Richards

This cool looking paper in #jneuro finds that #attention capture for #innate stimuli depends on the #amygdala, but not for learned stimuli:

Attention to Stimuli of Learned versus Innate Biological Value Relies on Separate Neural Systems jneurosci.org/content/42/49/92

Journal of NeuroscienceAttention to Stimuli of Learned versus Innate Biological Value Relies on Separate Neural SystemsThe neural bases of attention, a set of neural processes that promote behavioral selection, is a subject of intense investigation. In humans, rewarded cues influence attention, even when those cues are irrelevant to the current task. Because the amygdala plays a role in reward processing, and the activity of amygdala neurons has been linked to spatial attention, we reasoned that the amygdala may be essential for attending to rewarded images. To test this possibility, we used an attentional capture task, which provides a quantitative measure of attentional bias. Specifically, we compared reaction times (RTs) of adult male rhesus monkeys with bilateral amygdala lesions and unoperated controls as they made a saccade away from a high- or low-value rewarded image to a peripheral target. We predicted that: (1) RTs will be longer for high- compared with low-value images, revealing attentional capture by rewarded stimuli; and (2) relative to controls, monkeys with amygdala lesions would exhibit shorter RT for high-value images. For comparison, we assessed the same groups of monkeys for attentional capture by images of predators and conspecifics, categories thought to have innate biological value. In performing the attentional capture task, all monkeys were slowed more by high-value relative to low-value rewarded images. Contrary to our prediction, amygdala lesions failed to disrupt this effect. When presented with images of predators and conspecifics, however, monkeys with amygdala lesions showed significantly diminished attentional capture relative to controls. Thus, separate neural pathways are responsible for allocating attention to stimuli with learned versus innate value. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Valuable objects attract attention. The amygdala is known to contribute to reward processing and the encoding of object reward value. We therefore examined whether the amygdala is necessary for allocating attention to rewarded objects. For comparison, we assessed the amygdala's contribution to attending to objects with innate biological value: predators and conspecifics. We found that the macaque amygdala is necessary for directing attention to images with innate biological value, but not for directing attention to recently learned reward-predictive images. These findings indicate that the amygdala makes selective contributions to attending to valuable objects. The data are relevant to mental health disorders, such as social anxiety disorders and small animal phobias, that arise from biased attention to select categories of objects.
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