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AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of most comets, but not in their tails, is due to emissions from Diatomic carbon C2 (aka dicarbon) molecules.Sunlight heats the comet’s ice and organic material to produce C2 molecules, which break apart in ~2 days before they reach the tail. C2 is excited by solar UV radiation and emits mostly in infrared but its triplet state radiates at 518 nm (d3Πg → a3Πu transition below).<a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/</a> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/PonsBrooks" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#PonsBrooks</a> 5/n

Matt WillemsenExplosive, green 'devil comet' has hidden spiral swirling around its icy heart, photo trickery reveals <a href="https://www.livescience.com/space/comets/explosive-green-devil-comet-has-hidden-spiral-swirling-around-its-icy-heart-photo-trickery-reveals" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.livescience.com/space/comets/explosive-green-devil-comet-has-hidden-spiral-swirling-around-its-icy-heart-photo-trickery-reveals</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/astronomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#astronomy</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Comet</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/PhotoEditing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#PhotoEditing</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/cryovolcanic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#cryovolcanic</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#dicarbon</a>

AkaSci 🛰️Some articles and papers on the enigmatic quadruple bond in C2 - <a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/calculations-reveal-carbon-carbon-quadruple-bond-/3000688.article" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/calculations-reveal-carbon-carbon-quadruple-bond-/3000688.article</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1263" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1263</a> <a href="https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201600011" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201600011</a>C2 exhibits a triple bond as in N2, but has been shown to have a fourth weaker bond formed by the outer electrons.<a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/C2023P1" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#C2023P1</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/Nishimura" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Nishimura</a> 10/n

AkaSci 🛰️Diatomic carbon C2 is a green, gaseous inorganic chemical. It is unstable at ambient temp. and pressure (it polymerizes). It is found in flames, comets, stars and the interstellar medium.From <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> - "This work shows that, to break the quadruple bond of C2 using sunlight, the molecule must absorb two photons and undergo two “forbidden” transitions." (spin conservation and the Born–Oppenheimer approx).Oh my!<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomic_carbon" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomic_carbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/C2023P1" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#C2023P1</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/Nishimura" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Nishimura</a> 9/n

AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of most comets, but not in their tails, is due to emissions from quad-bond Diatomic carbon (aka dicarbon) molecules.Sunlight heats the comet’s ice and organic material to produce C2 molecules, which break apart in ~2 days before they reach the tail. C2 is excited by solar UV radiation and emits mostly in infrared but its triplet state radiates at 518 nm.<a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/</a> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/C2023P1" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#C2023P1</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/Nishimura" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#Nishimura</a> 8/n

AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of Comet C/2023 E1 (ATLAS) and other comets, but not in their tails, is due to emissions from quad-bond Diatomic carbon (aka dicarbon) molecules.Sunlight heats the comet’s ice and organic material to produce C2 molecules, which break apart in ~2 days before they reach the tail. C2 is excited by solar UV radiation and emits mostly in infrared but its triplet state radiates at 518 nm.<a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/</a> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/C2023E1" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#C2023E1</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> 6/n

AkaSci 🛰️<a href="https://mastodon.social/@markmccaughrean" class="u-url mention">@markmccaughrean</a> The green color seen in the coma of comets incl. that of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is also related to the elusive quadruple bond of the C2 molecule.From <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> — "This work shows that, to break the quadruple bond of C2 using sunlight, the molecule must absorb two photons and undergo two 'forbidden' transitions." Oh my! Image source: <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> Also see <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@AkaSci/109768059428824754" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://fosstodon.org/@AkaSci/109768059428824754</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#chemistry</a>

AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) is also related to the elusive quadruple bond of the C2 molecule.From <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> — "This work shows that, to break the quadruple bond of C2 using sunlight, the molecule must absorb two photons and undergo two 'forbidden' transitions." Oh my! Image source: <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#chemistry</a> 9/n

AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) and other comets, but not in their tails, is due to emissions from Diatomic carbon molecules.Sunlight heats the comet’s ice and organic material to produce C2 molecules, which break apart in ~2 days before they reach the tail. C2 is excited by solar UV radiation and emits mostly in infrared but its triplet state radiates at 518 nm.<a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/</a> Image source: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Dicarbon-moleculeThe-original-figure-is-from-4-Used-under-Creative-Commons-License_fig4_328571186" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Dicarbon-moleculeThe-original-figure-is-from-4-Used-under-Creative-Commons-License_fig4_328571186</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#chemistry</a> 8/n

AkaSci 🛰️<a href="https://mastodon.online/@jhayden" class="u-url mention">@jhayden</a> Some articles and papers on the quadruple bond in C2 - <a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/calculations-reveal-carbon-carbon-quadruple-bond-/3000688.article" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/calculations-reveal-carbon-carbon-quadruple-bond-/3000688.article</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1263" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.1263</a> <a href="https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201600011" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201600011</a>From <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113315118</a> - "This work shows that, to break the quadruple bond of C2 using sunlight, the molecule must absorb two photons and undergo two “forbidden” transitions." <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#chemistry</a>

AkaSci 🛰️The green color seen in the coma of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) and other comets, but not in their tails, is due to emissions from Diatomic carbon (aka dicarbon) molecules.Sunlight heats the comet’s ice and organic material to produce C2 molecules, which break apart in ~2 days before they reach the tail. C2 is excited by solar UV radiation and emits mostly in infrared but its triplet state radiates at 518 nm.<a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220110a/full/</a> C2 image credit: Omar J. Yepez <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/comet" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#comet</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/dicarbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#dicarbon</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="tag">#chemistry</a> 4/n

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