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#constraint

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Habr

Аномалии конкурентного доступа

В распределённых базах данных YDB, CockroachDB по умолчанию используется уровень изоляции SERIALIZABLE. В PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, MySQL по умолчанию используется READ COMMITED. В стандарте SQL указаны только три аномалии. В статье приводится пример аномалии потерянного обновления в задаче "списания средств" и рассматривается, почему уровень READ COMMITED и ограничения целостности достаточны для решения задачи. Если с данными (строками таблиц) работает одна сессия в базе данных, то разницы между уровнями изоляции транзакций нет, так как нет транзакций, от которых нужно изолироваться. Если есть несколько транзакций, которые пересекаются во времени, то нужно обращать внимание на то, что параллельно с теми же данными работают другие транзакции. Другими словами, учитывать особенности (феномены, аномалии) "конкурентного доступа".

habr.com/ru/articles/894984/

ХабрАномалии конкурентного доступаВ распределённых базах данных YDB, CockroachDB по умолчанию используется уровень изоляции SERIALIZABLE. В PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, MySQL по умолчанию используется READ COMMITED. В стандарте SQL...
#postgresql#sql#lost_update
Public
José A. Alonso

Principles of rule-based programming. ~ Thom Frühwirth. books.google.com/books/?id=ciV #CHR #Constraint #LogicProgramming

Google BooksPrinciples of Rule-Based ProgrammingThe book provides a unified overview of concepts and features of a comprehensive variety of rule-based programming languages. They have applications in diverse areas such as workflow systems, the Semantic Web, decision support, optimization problems, simulation and modeling, software engineering, program verification and security, and artificial intelligence. Through clear definitions, helpful explanations, concrete examples and instructive exercises with selected solutions, the reader will gain a thorough understanding of rule-based formalisms, systems and programming languages. The rule-based formalisms presented are Multiset Transformation, Term Rewriting Systems, Colored Petri Nets and Logical Algorithms. The rule-based systems are Production Rules, Event-Condition-Action Rules and Datalog. The rule-based programming languages are Functional Programming, Constraint Logic Programming and Concurrent Constraint Programming. By embedding these approaches into Constraint Handling Rules, a powerful and versatile programming language, it provides a common platform for understanding and comparison as well as execution and analysis of rule-based approaches. The book is ideal for researchers, students and programmers who want to learn about the power and potential of rule-based programming and understand its characteristic features and abilities.
Public
Doug Wilson

"This is the strength of federated, federatable social media — it disciplines enshittifiers by lowering switching costs, and if enshittifiers persist, it makes it easy for users to escape unshitted, because they don’t have to solve the collective action problem. Any user can go to any server at any time and stay in touch with everyone else."

doctorow.medium.com/https-plur

Medium · Enshittification isn’t caused by venture capital - Cory Doctorow - MediumBy Cory Doctorow
#SocialMedia#Bluesky#Mastodon
Public
No Context Pictures

1993

A metallic globe of the Earth is depicted, covered in numerous sharp spikes that jut outward, symbolizing danger or conflict.
The globe features the continents and oceans as they are commonly recognized on a typical world map.
It has a chain attached to it which could imply weightiness or constraint, suggesting a heavy burden for the planet or its inhabitants.
Tags: Earth, spikes, metallic globe, danger, conflict, symbolism, continents, oceans, chain, burden, constraint.

nocontext.loener.nl/fullpage/0

#photography #illustration #madman #nocontext #sfw #Earth #spikes #metallicglobe #danger #conflict #symbolism #continents #oceans #chain #burden #constraint.

1993 A metallic globe of the Earth is depicted, covered in numerous sharp spikes that jut outward, symbolizing danger or conflict. The globe features the continents and oceans as they are commonly recognized on a typical world map. It has a chain attached to it which could imply weightiness or constraint, suggesting a heavy burden for the planet or its inhabitants. Tags: Earth, spikes, metallic globe, danger, conflict, symbolism, continents, oceans, chain, burden, constraint.
Public
Luca da Firenze

What will happen if #Trump becomes #POTUS again:

1) End of #Democracy > #Autocracy (will last decades)
2) Corrupted #Judiciary/farce #elections.
3) End of World US power (which exists thanks to Alliances... which will cease).
3) End of 'dollar' as the world's primary #currency
4) Without alliances/without 'dollar' there will be an inevitable #economic #constraint
5) few rich ... many poor
6) end of 'workers' rights'
7) end of citizens' rights/Social medic supports
8) Police state.
...
enjoy

Continued thread
Public
Jon Awbrey

Constraints and Indications • 2
• inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/07

Coping with collaboration, communication, context, integration, interoperability, perspective, purpose, and the reality of the information dimension demands a transition from conceptual environments bounded by dyadic relations to those informed by triadic relations, especially the variety of triadic sign relations employed by pragmatic semiotics.

Along the lines of my first post on this topic I am presently concerned with the logical and mathematical requirements of dealing with constraints but when it comes to the constraints involved in communicating across cultural and disciplinary barriers I could recommend a paper Susan Awbrey and I wrote for a conference devoted to those very issues.

Conference Presentation —

Awbrey, S.M., and Awbrey, J.L. (1999), “Organizations of Learning or Learning Organizations : The Challenge of Creating Integrative Universities for the Next Century”, Second International Conference of the Journal ‘Organization’, Re‑Organizing Knowledge, Trans‑Forming Institutions : Knowing, Knowledge, and the University in the 21st Century, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
• cspeirce.com/menu/library/abou

Published Paper —

Awbrey, S.M., and Awbrey, J.L. (2001), “Conceptual Barriers to Creating Integrative Universities”, Organization : The Interdisciplinary Journal of Organization, Theory, and Society 8(2), Sage Publications, London, UK, 269–284.
• journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/1
• academia.edu/1266492/Conceptua

#Peirce #Logic #Semiotics #Indication #Inference #Information #Inquiry
#Ashby #Cybernetics #Constraint #Control #Regulation #RequisiteVariety
#AdaptiveSystems #IntelligentSystems #InquiryDrivenSystems #Pragmatics

Inquiry Into Inquiry · Constraints and Indications • 2Re: Constraints and Indications • 1 Re: Ontolog Forum • Joseph Simpson Coping with collaboration, communication, context, integration, interoperability, perspective, purpose, and the real…
Continued thread
Public
Jon Awbrey

Constraints and Indications • 1.2
• inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/07

Re: Peirce List • Kaina Stoicheia and the Symbol Grounding Problem
• web.archive.org/web/2012123118

Reference —

• Ashby, W.R. (1956), Introduction to Cybernetics, Methuen, London, UK.

Resources —

Survey of Cybernetics
• inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/01

Survey of Inquiry Driven Systems
• inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/02

Survey of Pragmatic Semiotic Information
• inquiryintoinquiry.com/2024/03

#Peirce #Ashby #Cybernetics #InquiryDrivenSystems #PragmaticSemioticInformation
#Constraint #ControlSystems #Indication #Information #Inquiry #IntelligentSystems
#AdaptiveSystems #ErrorControlledRegulation #Feedback #SystemsTheory #Uncertainty
#Determination #Intentionality #Learning #Reasoning #SemioticInformation #Semiotics

Inquiry Into Inquiry · Constraints and Indications • 1Re: Peirce List • Kaina Stoicheia and the Symbol Grounding Problem Re: Jerry Chandler • Christophe Menant • Jon Awbrey • Christophe Menant The system‑theoretic concept of …
Replied in thread
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Jef Allbright

@uh @UlrikeHahn

I will focus here on "context" as more than the "space and time" in which something is observed to be/happen. I would emphasize that this sense of "context" is always _relational_ and is always plays some active role in shaping/constraining the perceived object system.

You may notice my use of words such as "observed" and "perceived". I may be taking this notion further than Juarrero, but I have long thought that _any_ meaningful description of a system is incomplete without including the context of the _observer_. (Often the observer goes without saying, but is always there.)

I am reminded of my high school physics class back in the 1970s, where I baffled and frustrated the instructor by my insistent questions asking for clarification of his definition of "entropy" as disorder. I kept trying to get him to see that the state of disorder must (it seems to me) be relative to the state of some observer. He never got it. I gave up and answered his test question about whether a scrambled egg has more entropy than a pristine egg in the shell, neglecting that the state of scrambledness may have been precisely the outcome for which work was done, to constrain the outcome.

Still bothers me... I'll sit down now and behave.

#entropy, #context, #constraint #JuarreroBook

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