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#parasitology

2 posts2 participants0 posts today
Planetary Ecologist

Paleoparasitology (Parasitology 🧬)

Paleoparasitology is the study of parasites from the past, and their interactions with hosts and vectors; it is a subfield of paleontology, the study of living organisms from the past. Some authors define this term more narrowly, as "Paleoparasitology is the study of parasites in archaeological material." K.J. Reinhard suggests that the term "archaeop...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopar

#Paleoparasitology#Parasitology#SubfieldsOfPaleontology
Finland

Ghosts of weather past? Impact of past and present weather-related factors on the seasonal questing activity of Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southwestern Finland | Parasites & Vectors

Földvári G. Life cycle and e…
#Finland #FI #Europe #Europa #EU #Abioticfactors #Entomology #finland #infectiousdiseases #Longitudinalstudy #Parasitology #Suomi #Temporaltickdynamics #ticks #Time-laggedeffects #TropicalMedicine #uutiset #VeterinaryMedicine/VeterinaryScience #Virology
europesays.com/2245769/

ScienceOpen

'Epidemiological changes in Toxoplasma infection: a 7-year longitudinal study in pregnant women in Lyon, France, 2017–2023
Translated title: Évolution épidémiologique de l’infection à Toxoplasma : étude longitudinale sur 7 ans chez les femmes enceintes à Lyon (2017-2023)'

- an article in 'Parasite' by @EDPSciences on #ScienceOpen:

🔗 scienceopen.com/document?vid=0

ScienceOpenEpidemiological changes in <i>Toxoplasma</i> infection: a 7-year longitudinal study in pregnant women in Lyon, France, 2017–2023 <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Évolution épidémiologique de l’infection à <i>Toxoplasma</i> : étude longitudinale sur 7 ans chez les femmes enceintes à Lyon (2017-2023) </span><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto" id="d4166648e332">The epidemiology of <i>Toxoplasma</i> infection is known to vary geographically, but is also likely to vary over time, under the influence of many contributing factors. Monitoring is particularly useful in the context of preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. We took advantage of the French prenatal prevention programme to retrospectively assess changes between 2017 and 2023 in seroprevalence and incidence rates of <i>Toxoplasma</i> infection in pregnant women and the incidence of congenital infections. We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study including all pregnancies with known <i>Toxoplasma</i> status followed up at Lyon’s public maternity hospitals between 2017 and 2023 (71,922 pregnancies). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors (age-group, WHO region of origin, population density of the area of residence and parity) associated with seropositivity. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis decreased consistently from 26.4% in 2017 to 22.1% in 2023 ( <i>p</i> = 0.003), while maternal infection incidence remained stable at 1.3/1,000 pregnancies at risk. Notably, the seroprevalence showed a linear increase with age from 18.9% in women aged 25–29 years to 38.0% in women aged ≥40 years ( <i>p</i> < 0.001). The seroprevalence was lower in pregnant women living in rural areas [adjusted seroprevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.92] and higher in multiparous women (aPR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12). This study confirms the ongoing decline in toxoplasmosis seroprevalence while seroconversions remained stable, indicating a need for more tests in seronegative women in the future. These findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and refinement of congenital toxoplasmosis prevention strategies in high-income countries. </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto" id="d4166648e350">Il est connu que l’épidémiologie de l’infection à <i>Toxoplasma</i> varie selon les zones géographiques, mais elle est également susceptible de varier au fil du temps, sous l’influence de nombreux facteurs contributifs. La surveillance est particulièrement utile dans le cadre de la prévention de la toxoplasmose congénitale. Nous avons exploité le programme français de prévention prénatale pour évaluer rétrospectivement l’évolution entre 2017 et 2023 de la séroprévalence et des taux d’incidence de l’infection à <i>Toxoplasma</i> chez les femmes enceintes, ainsi que de l’incidence des infections congénitales. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective longitudinale incluant toutes les grossesses dont le statut toxoplasmique était connu, suivies dans les maternités publiques de Lyon entre 2017 et 2023 (71 922 grossesses). Nous avons utilisé un modèle de régression logistique multivariée pour identifier les facteurs (tranche d’âge, région d’origine OMS, densité de population du lieu de résidence et parité) associés à la séropositivité. La séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose a diminué de façon constante, passant de 26,4 % en 2017 à 22,1 % en 2023 ( <i>p</i> = 0,003), tandis que l’incidence de l’infection maternelle est restée stable à 1,3/1 000 grossesses à risque. Il est à noter que la séroprévalence a montré une augmentation linéaire avec l’âge, passant de 18,9 % chez les femmes âgées de 25 à 29 ans à 38,0 % chez les femmes âgées de plus de 40 ans ( <i>p</i> < 0,001). La séroprévalence était plus faible chez les femmes enceintes vivant en zone rurale [rapport de séroprévalence ajusté (aPR) = 0,87, IC à 95 % : 0,82-0,92] et plus élevée chez les femmes multipares (aPR = 1,08, IC à 95 % : 1,04-1,12). Cette étude confirme la baisse continue de la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose, tandis que les séroconversions sont restées stables, ce qui indique la nécessité de réaliser davantage de tests chez les femmes séronégatives à l’avenir. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’une surveillance continue et d’un perfectionnement des stratégies de prévention de la toxoplasmose congénitale dans les pays à revenu élevé. </p>
#Research#Parasitology#Toxoplasmosis
ScienceOpen

'Culturable bacteria and fungi in Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma and Ornithodoros ticks

Translated title: Bactéries et champignons cultivables chez les tiques Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma et Ornithodoros' - an article in 'Parasite' by @EDPSciences on #ScienceOpen:

🔗 scienceopen.com/document?vid=2

ScienceOpenCulturable bacteria and fungi in <i>Ixodes</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i>, <i>Amblyomma</i> and <i>Ornithodoros</i> ticks <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Bactéries et champignons cultivables chez les tiques <i>Ixodes</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i>, <i>Amblyomma</i> et <i>Ornithodoros</i> </span><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto" id="d19498493e208">Ticks are ectoparasites harboring complex microbial communities, typically dominated by nutritional symbionts that produce B vitamins and sometimes including pathogens affecting human and animal health. However, ticks also host a variety of commensal microbes whose diversity remains poorly documented. In this study, we isolated and identified culturable bacteria and fungi associated with various tick species from the genera <i>Ixodes</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i>, <i>Amblyomma</i>, and <i>Ornithodoros</i>, collected from their natural habitats or hosts in France and French Guiana. A total of 111 bacterial and 27 fungal isolates were obtained which were then identified using both molecular and morphological approaches. Substantial fungal diversity was observed in a few ticks, whereas culturable bacteria displayed a broader distribution and diversity across tick species. Interestingly, the diversity of culturable bacteria and fungi revealed a microbiome structure that reflected the ecological niches of the tick host, indicating habitat-specific microbial associations and a potential ecological role in tick biology. The isolation of common gut bacteria of other arthropods, as well as the isolation of a viable entomopathogenic fungus, underscores the potential influence of these microbes on tick biology. </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto" id="d19498493e223">Les tiques sont des ectoparasites abritant des communautés microbiennes complexes, généralement dominées par des symbiotes nutritionnels qui produisent des vitamines B et parfois incluant des pathogènes affectant la santé humaine et animale. Cependant, les tiques hébergent également une variété de microbes commensaux dont la diversité reste mal documentée. Dans cette étude, nous avons isolé et identifié des bactéries et champignons cultivables associés à diverses espèces de tiques des genres <i>Ixodes</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i>, <i>Amblyomma</i> et <i>Ornithodoros</i>, collectées dans leurs habitats naturels ou hôtes en France et en Guyane française. Au total, 111 isolats bactériens et 27 isolats fongiques ont été obtenus, qui ont ensuite été identifiés à l’aide d’approches moléculaires et morphologiques. Une diversité fongique substantielle a été observée chez quelques tiques, tandis que les bactéries cultivables présentaient une distribution et une diversité plus larges parmi les espèces de tiques. Il est intéressant de noter que la diversité des bactéries et des champignons cultivables a révélé une structure du microbiome qui reflétait les niches écologiques de l’hôte tique, indiquant des associations microbiennes spécifiques à l’habitat et un rôle écologique potentiel dans la biologie des tiques. L’isolement de bactéries intestinales communes d’autres arthropodes, ainsi que l’isolement d’un champignon entomopathogène viable, soulignent l’influence potentielle de ces microbes sur la biologie des tiques. </p>
#Research#Parasitology#Microbiome
Planetary Ecologist

Necromeny (Ecology 🏞️)

Necromeny is a symbiotic relationship where an animal infects a host and waits inside its body until its death, at which point it develops and completes its life-cycle on the cadaver, feeding on the decaying matter and the subsequent bacterial growth. As the necromenic animal benefits from the relationship while the host is unharmed, it is an example of commensalism....

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necromeny

en.wikipedia.orgNecromeny - Wikipedia
#Necromeny#Ecology#Parasitism
Planetary Ecologist

Companion Animal Parasite Council (Parasitology 🧬)

The Companion Animal Parasite Council is a non-profit organization composed of practicing veterinarians, academic veterinary parasitologists, veterinary technicians, state public health veterinarians, and staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who are dedicated to reducing the numbers of parasites in d...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companio

en.wikipedia.orgCompanion Animal Parasite Council - Wikipedia
#CompanionAnimalParasiteCouncil#Zoonoses#Parasitology
Planetary Ecologist

Sterile insect technique (Parasitology 🧬)

The sterile insect technique is a method of biological insect control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released into the wild. The released insects are preferably male, as this is more cost-effective and the females may in some situations cause damage by laying eggs in the crop, or, in the case...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_

#SterileInsectTechnique#Infertility#Parasitology
ScienceOpen

'Interaction between mouse macrophages and protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro' - a #Research article in the Chinese Journal of #Parasitology and #ParasiticDiseases on #ScienceOpen: scienceopen.com/document?vid=9

ScienceOpenInteraction between mouse macrophages and protoscolex of <i>Echinococcus granulosus in vitro</i><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dir="auto" id="d640391e149"> <b>Objective</b> To explore the cytotoxic effect of mouse immune cells on the <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> protoscolex and understand the types of immune cells involved and the cytokines secretion changes. </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dir="auto" id="d640391e157"> <b>Methods</b> Healthy C57BL/6 mice were used to extract splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. The protoscoleces from sheep <i>E. granulosus</i> cysts were collected and grouped (3 000 per group). To select the immune cell type exhibiting a stronger inhibitory effect on the protoscoleces, macrophage co-culture group and splenocyte co-culture group were co-cultured with 6 × 10 <sup>6</sup> macrophages or splenocytes, respectively. To choose an optimal cell count, co-culture group 1-5 were cocultured with 1.2 × 10 <sup>6</sup>, 2.4 × 10 <sup>6</sup>, 4.8 × 10 <sup>6</sup>, 7.2 × 10 <sup>6</sup> and 9.6 × 10 <sup>6</sup> immune cells, respectively. The co-culture system was established. The <i>E. granulosus</i> cyst fluid and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor were added into the coculture system respectively, and the activity of protoscoleces and the changes in concentration of TNF-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the co-culture supernatant were observed. Eosin staining was used to detect the activity of protoscoleces, the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method was used to measure the of reactive oxygen species levels, the JC-1 method was used to assess mitochondrial membrane potential, Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of the Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase-3), and ELISA was used to measure the concentration of cytokines in the culture supernatant. Independent samples <i>t</i>-test was used for comparisons between two groups and one-way ANOVA was used for multiple groups. </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dir="auto" id="d640391e190"> <b>Results</b> On day 6 of co-culture, the protoscoleces activity in the macrophage co-culture group and the splenocyte co-culture group was (25.07 ± 0.40)% and (76.18 ± 0.31)%, respectively. The protoscoleces activity in the macrophage co-culture group was lower than that in the splenocyte co-culture group at all time points ( <i>F</i> = 564.20, <i>P</i> < 0.05). On day 4 of co-culture, the relative fluorescent intensity of reactive oxygen species in the protoscoleces of the macrophage co-culture group was 32.20 ± 7.85, which was higher than that of the splenocyte co-culture group (12.44 ± 2.93) ( <i>t</i> = 7.07, <i>P</i> < 0.05). On day 6 of co-culture, the relative expression levels of caspase-3 protein in the macrophage co-culture group and the splenocyte co-culture group were 1.28 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.02, respectively, and the relative expression levels of Bax protein were 1.29 ± 0.01 and 0.46 ± 0.01, respectively. The relative expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax protein in the macrophage co-culture group were higher than those in the splenocyte co-culture group at all time points ( <i>F</i> = 55.87, 167.20; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). Macrophages exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on protoscoleces than splenocytes. On day 6 of co-culture, the relative fluorescent intensities of mitochondrial membrane potential in protoscoleces from co-culture groups 1-5 were 20.15 ± 8.96, 24.40 ± 9.71, 48.41 ± 10.20, 94.62 ± 8.72 and 112.85 ± 24.23, respectively, all of which were higher than that of the protoscolex control group (2.50 ± 1.02) ( <i>F</i> = 26.18, <i>P</i> < 0.01). On day 6 of co-culture, the relative expression levels of caspase-3 protein in protoscoleces from co-culture group 4 and 5 were 1.35 ± 0.03 and 1.49 ± 0.05, respectively, which were higher than that of the protoscolex control group (0.28 ± 0.01) ( <i>t</i> = 17.03, 10.60; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Bax protein in protoscoleces from co-culture groups 4 and 5 were 1.34 ± 0.01 and 1.38 ± 0.04, respectively, which were higher than that of the protoscolex control group (0.78 ± 0.04) ( <i>t</i> = 6.68, 6.46; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). On day 4 of co-culture, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β in the supernatants of co-culture group 4 were (240.90 ± 17.29), (435.90 ± 12.33) and (137.10 ± 6.62) pg/ml, respectively, all of which were higher than those in the cell control group ［(42.02 ± 0.52), (65.72 ± 1.91), (24.72 ± 1.78) pg/ml］ ( <i>t</i> = 54.52, 15.97, 17.59; all <i>P</i> < 0.05). The concentration of IL-10 in the supernatant of co-culture group 4 was (42.16 ± 1.45) pg/ml, which was not significantly different from that of the cell control group ［(45.64 ± 1.03) pg/ml］ ( <i>t</i> = 1.29, <i>P</i> > 0.05). The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatants of the co-culture groups at all time points were higher than those in the cell control group ( <i>F</i> = 294.66, 450.50, 687.72, 660.15; all <i>P</i> < 0.05). On days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of co-culture, the relative fluorescent intensities of mitochondrial membrane potential in protoscoleces from the cyst fluid group were 4.46 ± 1.25, 4.33 ± 0.39, 4.89 ± 0.77 and 7.97 ± 0.62, respectively, all of which were lower than those in the macrophage group (5.67 ± 1.72, 13.60 ± 0.50, 35.28 ± 5.65, 77.50 ± 9.60) ( <i>F</i> = 115.90, <i>P</i> < 0.01). On day 6 of co-culture, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatant of the cyst fluid group were (64.12 ± 2.65), (1 049.65 ± 25.70), (230.30 ± 12.98) and (138.57 ± 13.71) pg/ml, respectively, and those in the macrophage group were (41.61 ± 1.31), (68.00 ± 0.42), (56.15 ± 6.43) and (32.94 ± 4.90) pg/ml, respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatants of the cyst fluid group at all time points were higher than those in the macrophage group ( <i>F</i> = 289.80, 366.50, 145.40, 32.94; all <i>P</i> < 0.05). On day 7 of co-culture, the protoscoleces activity in the macrophage group and the inhibitor group was (21.18 ± 1.61)% and (94.31 ± 2.58)%, respectively. The protoscoleces activity in the inhibitor group was higher than that in the macrophage group at all time points ( <i>F</i> = 1 810.00, <i>P</i> < 0.05). On days 2, 4 and 6 of coculture, the concentrations of TNF-α in the inhibitor group were (33.55 ± 7.48), (13.78 ± 4.96) and (19.20 ± 0.69) pg/ml, respectively, all of which were lower than those in the macrophage group ［(209.24 ± 9.90), (209.47 ± 10.55), (211.36 ± 13.66) pg/ml］ ( <i>t</i> = 33.16, 30.46, 23.76; all <i>P</i> < 0.05). </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dir="auto" id="d640391e277"> <b>Conclusion</b> Macrophages co-cultured <i>in vitro</i> with the <i>E. granulosus</i> protoscoleces could express cytokines such as TNF-α, which inhibits the activity of the protoscoleces and promotes their apoptosis. Cyst fluid from <i>E. granulosus</i> and TNF-α inhibitors could reduce the secretion of TNF-α by macrophages, thereby alleviating the killing effect of macrophages on the protoscoleces. </p><p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto" id="d640391e292"> <b>【摘要】</b> <b>目的</b> 探究小鼠免疫细胞对细粒棘球蚴原头节的杀伤作用, 了解发挥功能的免疫细胞类型及其细 胞因子的分泌变化。 <b>方法</b> 分离健康C57BL/6 小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞和脾细胞。收集羊细粒棘球蚴包囊中的原头 节并分组 (3 000个/组) 。巨噬细胞共培养组、脾细胞共培养组分别与6 × 10 <sup>6</sup> 个巨噬细胞和脾细胞共培养, 选择对 原头节具有更强抑制作用的免疫细胞类型; 共培养1~5 组分别与1.2 × 10 <sup>6</sup>、2.4 × 10 <sup>6</sup>、4.8 × 10 <sup>6</sup>、7.2 × 10 <sup>6</sup>、9.6 × 10 <sup>6</sup> 个细胞共培养, 选择适宜的细胞数量, 建立共培养体系。共培养体系中分别加入细粒棘球蚴囊液和肿瘤坏死因 子α (TNF-α) 抑制剂, 观察原头节活性和共培养上清中TNF-α、白细胞介素6 (IL-6) 、IL-10、转化生长因子β (TGF-β) 浓度的变化。伊红染色检测原头节活性, 二氯荧光素二乙酸酯 (DCFH-DA) 法检测活性氧水平, JC-1法 检测线粒体膜电位, 蛋白质免疫印迹 (Western blotting) 检测促凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X蛋白 (Bax) 和天冬氨酸蛋白 水解酶3 (caspase-3) 表达水平, ELISA 检测培养上清中细胞因子的浓度。两组间比较采用独立样本 <i>t</i> 检验, 多组 间比较采用单因素方差分析。 <b>结果</b> 共培养第6 天, 巨噬细胞共培养组和脾细胞共培养组的原头节活性分别为 (25.07 ± 0.40) %和 (76.18 ± 0.31) %, 巨噬细胞共培养组各时期的原头节活性低于脾细胞共培养组 ( <i>F</i> = 564.20, <i>P</i> < 0.05); 共培养第4 天, 巨噬细胞共培养组的原头节活性氧相对荧光强度为32.20 ± 7.85, 高于脾细胞共培养组 的12.44 ± 2.93 ( <i>t</i> = 7.07, <i>P</i> < 0.05); 共培养第6 天, 巨噬细胞共培养组和脾细胞共培养组的caspase-3 蛋白相对表 达水平分别为1.28 ± 0.02和1.16 ± 0.02, Bax蛋白相对表达水平分别为1.29 ± 0.01和0.46 ± 0.01, 巨噬细胞共培养组 各时期的caspase-3、Bax 蛋白相对表达水平均高于脾细胞共培养组 ( <i>F</i> = 55.87、167.20, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05), 巨噬细胞对 原头节的抑制作用强于脾细胞。共培养第6 天, 共培养1~5 组原头节的线粒体膜电位相对荧光强度分别为20.15 ± 8.96、24.40 ± 9.71、48.41 ± 10.20、94.62 ± 8.72、112.85 ± 24.23, 均高于原头节对照组的2.50 ± 1.02 ( <i>F</i> = 26.18, <i>P</i> < 0.01) 。共培养第6天, 共培养4、5组原头节的caspase-3蛋白相对表达水平分别为1.35 ± 0.03和1.49 ± 0.05, 高 于原头节对照组的0.28 ± 0.01 ( <i>t</i> = 17.03、10.60, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05); 共培养4、5组原头节的Bax蛋白相对表达水平分别 为1.34 ± 0.01 和1.38 ± 0.04, 高于原头节对照组的0.78 ± 0.04 ( <i>t</i> = 6.68、6.46, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05) 。细胞共培养4 组上清 的TNF-α、IL-6 和TGF-β 浓度分别为 (240.90 ± 17.29) 、 (435.90 ± 12.33) 、 (137.10 ± 6.62) pg/ml, 均高于细胞对照 组的 (42.02 ± 0.52) 、 (65.72 ± 1.91) 、 (24.72 ± 1.78) pg/ml ( <i>t</i> = 54.52、15.97、17.59, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05); 细胞共培养4 组上清的IL-10 浓度为 (42.16 ± 1.45) pg/ml, 与细胞对照组的 (45.64 ± 1.03) pg/ml 差异无统计学意义 ( <i>t</i> = 1.29, <i>P</i> > 0.05); 共培养组各时期上清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10 和TGF-β 的浓度均高于细胞对照组 ( <i>F</i> = 294.66、450.50、 687.72、660.15, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05) 。共培养第1、3、5、7天, 囊液组的原头节线粒体膜电位相对荧光强度分别为4.46 ± 1.25、4.33 ± 0.39、4.89 ± 0.77、7.97 ± 0.62, 均低于巨噬细胞组的5.67 ± 1.72、13.60 ± 0.50、35.28 ± 5.65、77.50 ± 9.60 ( <i>F</i> = 115.90, <i>P</i> < 0.01) 。共培养第6 天, 囊液组上清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10 和TGF-β 的浓度分别为 (64.12 ± 2.65) 、 (1 049.65 ± 25.70) 、 (230.30 ± 12.98) 、 (138.57 ± 13.71) pg/ml, 巨噬细胞组的浓度分别为 (41.61 ± 1.31) 、 (68.00 ± 0.42) 、 (56.15 ± 6.43) 、 (32.94 ± 4.90) pg/ml, 囊液组各时期上清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和TGF-β 的浓度均 高于巨噬细胞组 ( <i>F</i> = 289.80、366.50、145.40、32.94, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05) 。共培养第7 天, 巨噬细胞组和抑制剂组的原 头节活性分别为 (21.18 ± 1.61) %和 (94.31 ± 2.58) %, 抑制剂组各时期的原头节活性高于巨噬细胞组 ( <i>F</i> = 1 810.00, <i>P</i> < 0.05) 。共培养第2、4、6 天, 抑制剂组的TNF-α 浓度分别为 (33.55 ± 7.48) 、 (13.78 ± 4.96) 、 (19.20 ± 0.69) pg/ml, 均低于巨噬细胞组的 (209.24 ± 9.90) 、 (209.47 ± 10.55) 、 (211.36 ± 13.66) pg/ml ( <i>t</i> = 33.16、30.46、 23.76, 均 <i>P</i> < 0.05) 。 <b>结论</b> 与细粒棘球蚴原头节在体外共培养的巨噬细胞能够表达TNF-α 等细胞因子, 抑制原 头节的活性, 促进原头节的凋亡。细粒棘球蚴囊液和TNF-α 抑制剂能够降低巨噬细胞TNF-α 的分泌, 减轻巨噬细 胞对原头节的杀伤作用。 </p>
Planetary Ecologist

Archaeoparasitology (Parasitology 🧬)

Archaeoparasitology, a multi-disciplinary field within paleopathology, is the study of parasites in archaeological contexts. It includes studies of the protozoan and metazoan parasites of humans in the past, as well as parasites which may have affected past human societies, such as those infesting domesticated animals. Reinhard suggested that the ...

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