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Analyzing Modern Nvidia GPU Cores

arxiv.org/abs/2503.20481

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arXiv.orgAnalyzing Modern NVIDIA GPU coresGPUs are the most popular platform for accelerating HPC workloads, such as artificial intelligence and science simulations. However, most microarchitectural research in academia relies on GPU core pipeline designs based on architectures that are more than 15 years old. This paper reverse engineers modern NVIDIA GPU cores, unveiling many key aspects of its design and explaining how GPUs leverage hardware-compiler techniques where the compiler guides hardware during execution. In particular, it reveals how the issue logic works including the policy of the issue scheduler, the structure of the register file and its associated cache, and multiple features of the memory pipeline. Moreover, it analyses how a simple instruction prefetcher based on a stream buffer fits well with modern NVIDIA GPUs and is likely to be used. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the register file cache and the number of register file read ports on both simulation accuracy and performance. By modeling all these new discovered microarchitectural details, we achieve 18.24% lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in execution cycles than previous state-of-the-art simulators, resulting in an average of 13.98% MAPE with respect to real hardware (NVIDIA RTX A6000). Also, we demonstrate that this new model stands for other NVIDIA architectures, such as Turing. Finally, we show that the software-based dependence management mechanism included in modern NVIDIA GPUs outperforms a hardware mechanism based on scoreboards in terms of performance and area.

Histórico: El Gobierno no logró tener ni un solo año la presidencia del Congreso

Por primera vez en la historia del país, la fracción legislativa del partido en el gobierno no ha ocupado, en ninguno de los cuatro años, la presidencia del Congreso. Este 1.º de mayo, el oficialista Progreso Social Democrático (PPSD) perdió su última oportunidad de presidir la Asamblea Legislativa. Era su última posibilidad, ya que los […]

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crhoy.com/nacionales/historico

Atenciones médicas por vapeo en menores de 20 años se dispararon de forma alarmante

El número de atenciones médicas en consulta externa por trastornos relacionados con el vapeo en menores de 20 años se disparó de manera alarmante en apenas cuatro años. Según datos de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), en 2021 se registró un solo caso en esta población, pero para 2024 la cifra se disparó […]

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crhoy.com/nacionales/atencione

A quotation from Chamfort

Someone said to Donne, the English satirist, “Thunder against the sins, but spare the sinners.” “What,” he said, “damn the cards and pardon the card-sharps?”
 
[On disait au satirique anglais Donne: « Tonnez sur les vices, mais ménagez les vicieux. – Comment, dit-il, condamner les cartes, et pardonner aux escrocs? »]

Nicolas Chamfort (1741-1794) French writer, epigrammist (b. Nicolas-Sébastien Roch)
Products of Perfected Civilization [Produits de la Civilisation Perfectionnée], Part 2 “Characters and Anecdotes [Caractères et Anecdotes],” ¶ 721 (1795) [tr. Merwin (1969)]

Sourcing, notes, alternate translations: wist.info/chamfort-nicolas/763…